Table of Contents
Executive Introduction: The Year of Agentic Reality
The year 2025 represents a definitive historical rupture in the evolution of artificial intelligence, marking the transition from the era of “Generative Curiosity” characterized by the novelty of chatbots and image generators to the era of “Agentic Reality.” No longer confined to the role of a passive interlocutor or a digital muse, AI has matured into an active, autonomous layer of the human experience, functioning as a universal interface between intention and execution. This report, The Universal Interface, offers an exhaustive examination of the AI landscape as it stands in 2025, drawing exclusively from the year’s breakthrough research, industrial developments and sociopolitical shifts. It is designed to serve as a definitive guide for every person citizen, student, professional and patient navigating this transformed world.
The synthesis of data from 2025 reveals three dominant meta-trends that structure this analysis. First is the democratization of competence through “Superagency,” where individuals are empowered to direct complex, multi-agent systems to perform tasks previously requiring entire teams.1 Second is the physicalization of intelligence, driven by a revolution in silicon that has moved powerful cognitive processing from the distant cloud to the device in one’s pocket, enabling “Frugal AI” to deliver medical-grade diagnostics in low-resource settings.2 Third is the institutionalization of ethics, where abstract principles of fairness have hardened into legal mandates like the European Accessibility Act and operational frameworks like the NIST AI Risk Management updates.4
However, this democratization is not without its perils. As intelligence becomes abundant, the mechanisms of selection hiring, college admissions and healthcare eligibility are increasingly automated, creating new vectors for systemic bias and exclusion.6 The “Code Red” competitive dynamics between corporate giants like Google and OpenAI have accelerated the pace of deployment, often testing the resilience of safety guardrails.8 This report dissects these dynamics with granular detail, moving beyond the hype to provide a grounded, evidence-based roadmap for the AI-augmented future.
Part I: The Agentic Revolution and Personal Intelligence
The most immediate change felt by the average individual in 2025 is the fundamental restructuring of the human-computer interaction model. The command line gave way to the graphical user interface (GUI), the GUI gave way to touch and now, in 2025, touch is ceding ground to “Intent-Based Computing.” In this paradigm, the user provides a goal and the AI agent determines the necessary steps, tools and executions to achieve it.
Chapter 1: The Rise of “Deep Think” and the Personal Life OS
The “chatbot” of 2023-2024 was defined by its ability to predict the next statistically likely word. The “Personal Agent” of 2025 is defined by its ability to reason, plan and persist over time. This shift is best exemplified by the architectural leaps seen in the major foundation models released in late 2025.
1.1 Google Gemini 3: The Architecture of Reasoning
In November 2025, Google unveiled the Gemini 3 series, a development that fundamentally altered the expectations for consumer AI.9 Unlike previous iterations, Gemini 3 introduced a “Deep Think” mode, a cognitive architecture designed to engage in extended reasoning chains before generating an output.10
- Mechanism of Action: The “Deep Think” capability allows the model to simulate multiple potential solution paths, evaluate their probability of success and self-correct errors before presenting a response to the user. This is a departure from the “stream of consciousness” generation of earlier LLMs.
- Consumer Application: For the everyday user, this means the AI can handle “agentic” tasks. A user can instruct Gemini 3 to “Plan a two-week vacation to Japan for a family of four, considering peanut allergies and a budget of $5,000,” and the model does not merely list hotels. It queries flight databases, cross-references restaurant allergen menus, checks train schedules and presents a cohesive itinerary that can be booked with a single confirmation.11
- Nano Banana Pro: Perhaps more significant for accessibility is the release of Nano Banana Pro, a distilled version of Gemini 3 optimized for mobile devices. This model brings high-fidelity image generation and editing directly to the smartphone, allowing users to visualize ideas or edit photos using natural language without a connection to a server farm.12 This represents the “democratization of creativity,” where the barrier to producing professional-grade visual assets is lowered to the ability to describe them.
1.2 OpenAI’s Strategic Pivot: Project Pulse
The release of Gemini 3 triggered a seismic reaction within OpenAI, leading to the declaration of an internal “Code Red” in late 2025.8 This strategic emergency signals a recognition that the “chat” interface is becoming obsolete. In response, OpenAI pivoted its resources toward ChatGPT Pulse, a product designed not as a tool for “querying” but as a persistent “Personal Assistant”.8
- Contextual Intimacy: The core value proposition of Pulse is “contextual intimacy.” Unlike a search engine that treats every query as a blank slate, Pulse maintains a dynamic memory of the user’s life their schedule, their relationships, their work projects and their preferences.13
- The “Day-to-Day” Experience: The goal of Pulse is to manage the “day-to-day” friction of modern life. It intercepts emails, summarizes thread updates, drafts responses based on the user’s past communication style and proactively reminds the user of obligations not just based on time (calendar) but on context (location or activity).8
- Implications for Privacy: This level of integration requires a massive surrender of privacy. For an AI to function as a true executive assistant, it must read every email and listen to every meeting. The 2025 market dynamic suggests that consumers are increasingly willing to make this trade-off for the sake of “Superagency,” provided the processing happens within trusted, secure environments.
1.3 Apple Intelligence: The Contextual Layer
Apple’s approach in 2025, branded as Apple Intelligence, diverges from the cloud-centric models of its competitors by focusing on “On-Device Context”.14
- Visual Intelligence: With the release of the iPhone 17 lineup, Apple introduced “Visual Intelligence.” A user can point their camera at a restaurant and the on-device AI instantly overlays reviews, reservation availability and menu highlights. This is not a database query sent to the cloud; it is real-time, local processing of the video feed.14
- Deictic Resolution: The upgraded Siri in 2025 has solved the problem of “deictic reference” the ability to understand words like “this” or “that” in relation to what is on the screen.15 If a user is looking at a photo and says, “Send this to Mom,” Siri understands the context. This capability reduces the cognitive load of interaction, making the AI feel like a natural extension of the user’s intent rather than a separate tool to be operated.
- Priority Notifications: In a world of information overload, Apple Intelligence acts as a filter. It scans incoming notifications and summarizes them, presenting only “Priority Notifications” at the top of the stack.15 This is a form of “Attention Management” using AI to protect the user’s attention rather than capture it.
Chapter 2: The “Superagency” Workplace
The integration of these agents into the professional sphere has given rise to the concept of Superagency. This term, popularized in 2025, describes a state where a single individual, augmented by a suite of AI agents, can match the output of a multi-disciplinary team.1
2.1 The Specialized Agent Ecosystem
While generalist models like Gemini and Pulse handle broad tasks, 2025 has seen the proliferation of specialized “Worker Agents” designed for deep competence in vertical domains.16
| Agent Name | Domain | Primary Function | User Benefit |
| Devin AI | Software Engineering | Autonomous coding, debugging and deployment. | Allows a single architect to build and maintain complex systems. |
| Harvey | Legal Services | Contract analysis, precedent research and drafting. | Reduces hours of paralegal research to minutes of review. |
| Decagon | Customer Support | Enterprise-scale ticket resolution with empathy. | Enables 24/7 support without scaling human headcount linearly. |
| Glean | Knowledge Management | Semantic search across all enterprise data silos. | Eliminates the “where did I save that?” productivity drain. |
| Deep Research | Academic Research | Synthesis of massive datasets into coherent reports. | Accelerates the literature review and data synthesis process. |
2.2 The Maturity Gap
Despite the availability of these tools, the distribution of “Superagency” is uneven. McKinsey’s 2025 State of AI report highlights a “Maturity Gap.” While 92% of enterprises are investing in AI, only 1% are considered “mature,” meaning they have successfully redesigned their workflows to accommodate agentic AI.1
- The Barrier: The bottleneck is no longer technological; it is managerial. Traditional hierarchies and “command-and-control” structures are ill-suited for a workforce where every employee has a team of autonomous agents. “Mature” companies are those that have flattened their structures, delegating decision-making authority to the edge, where employees can use their AI agents to execute rapidly.1
- Workforce Sentiment: Contrary to fears of Luddism, the workforce is ready. McKinsey’s data indicates that employees are eager to adopt these tools to shed drudgery. The friction comes from leadership failing to provide the “guardrails” and “governance” that allow for safe experimentation.1
Part II: The Physical Infrastructure of Intelligence
The software revolution of 2025 is underpinned by a hardware revolution. The “cloud-only” model of AI, dominant from 2020 to 2024, proved unsustainable due to the trifecta of latency, privacy risks and ballooning energy costs. 2025 is the year of On-Device AI, driven by a fierce “Silicon War” to bring the NPU (Neural Processing Unit) to parity with the CPU and GPU.
Chapter 3: The Silicon Wars and On-Device Computing
The chipset market in 2025 is defined by the race to achieve the highest “TOPS per Watt” (Trillion Operations Per Second per Watt), enabling smartphones and wearables to run continuous AI workloads without draining batteries.
3.1 Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Elite: The Efficiency King
Qualcomm’s Snapdragon 8 Elite (Gen 4) represents a massive leap in NPU architecture. The integrated Hexagon NPU delivers a 45% improvement in performance and a 45% improvement in power efficiency compared to the Gen 3.17
- Multimodal Native: The chip is designed to handle “Multimodal” inputs simultaneously processing voice, video and text streams. This allows for features like the “Galaxy AI” real-time translation to function entirely offline, a critical requirement for business travelers and users in low-connectivity regions.18
- Thermal Management: The 8 Elite utilizes new thermal dissipation techniques to allow for sustained AI inferencing, preventing the device from throttling during prolonged tasks like video editing or gaming.17
3.2 MediaTek Dimensity 9400+: The Agentic Processor
MediaTek has carved out a niche as the “Agentic AI” leader. The Dimensity 9400+, equipped with the NPU 890, is optimized for the specific math of “Transformer” models (the architecture behind LLMs).19
- Speculative Decoding: A key innovation is hardware support for “Speculative Decoding.” This technique allows the AI to “guess” the next few tokens in a sequence and verify them in parallel, increasing the speed of text generation by 20%.20
- Benchmark Dominance: In the ETH Zurich AI Benchmark rankings for 2025, the Dimensity 9400+ scored 12,975, beating the Snapdragon 8 Elite’s 12,376.21 This metric validates MediaTek’s focus on architectural optimization over raw clock speed.
3.3 Apple A19 Pro: The Unified Architecture
Apple’s A19 Pro, powering the iPhone 17 Pro, takes a “unified” approach. Rather than relying solely on a separate NPU, Apple has embedded “Neural Accelerators” directly into each of the 6 GPU cores, working in tandem with a dedicated 16-core Neural Engine.22
- Visual Intelligence: This architecture is specifically tuned for image and video processing, powering the “Visual Intelligence” features. By processing visual data on the GPU’s neural accelerators, the A19 Pro can analyze a live video feed with negligible latency.22
- Manufacturing: Built on TSMC’s N3P (3nm Performance) node, the A19 Pro achieves transistor densities that allow for this massive parallelism without overheating the handset.23
Chapter 4: The Ubiquity of AI Wearables
The miniaturization of AI silicon has revitalized the wearables market, moving it from “tracking” to “coaching.”
4.1 Smart Glasses as the New Interface
2025 is the year smart glasses entered the mainstream. Alibaba’s Quark AI Glasses, released in late 2025, blend everyday eyewear design with the Qwen model.2
- Use Case: These glasses provide “Heads-Up” intelligence. A user shopping in a market can look at a product and the glasses identify it, compare prices across e-commerce platforms and display the information in the peripheral vision. This “visual search” capability transforms the physical world into a clickable browser.
- Ray-Ban Meta: Similarly, the evolution of the Ray-Ban Meta glasses has integrated multimodal AI, allowing users to ask questions about what they are seeing (“What kind of flower is this?”) and receive spoken answers instantly.2
4.2 The Evolution of Health Wearables
The Google Pixel Watch 4 and Fitbit Charge 6 have moved beyond simple data logging.
- The AI Health Coach: Instead of just showing a “Sleep Score,” these devices use an on-device AI coach to analyze the data and offer specific behavioral interventions (“You slept poorly because your heart rate spiked at 2 AM; try avoiding late meals”).24
- Clinical Grade Monitoring: New algorithms deployed in 2025 allow for continuous detection of Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) with 97.4% specificity, effectively placing a medical monitor on the wrist of millions.24
Part III: Healthcare for Every Person
The domain where the “Universal” promise of AI is most tested and most promising is healthcare. 2025 has seen the deployment of “Frugal AI,” a movement to create high-performance diagnostic tools that run on low-cost hardware, bridging the gap between elite medical centers and rural clinics.
Chapter 5: Frugal AI and the Democratization of Diagnostics
“Frugal AI” focuses on efficiency and accessibility. It challenges the assumption that better AI requires bigger models and more expensive computers.26
5.1 Case Study: Rural Heart Failure Detection
In September 2025, researchers at West Virginia University (WVU) published results from a deployment of an AI model designed to detect heart failure in rural Appalachian populations.2
- The Problem: Traditional AI models are trained on high-resolution data from wealthy urban hospitals. When these models are applied to the “noisy,” lower-quality ECG data collected in rural clinics with older equipment, they often fail.
- The Solution: The WVU team trained their model specifically on this “low-tech” data. The result is a diagnostic tool that outperforms “state-of-the-art” urban models when used in the intended rural environment. This proves that “best” is contextual; the best AI for Appalachia is one trained on Appalachian data, not Silicon Valley data.
5.2 Global Health: Nepal and Ghana
The principles of Frugal AI are being applied in the Global South. In Nepal and Ghana, AI-driven diagnostic tools for skin cancer and diabetic retinopathy are running on standard smartphones.27
- Cost Reduction: By using a smartphone camera instead of a $50,000 retinal scanner, these tools reduce the cost of screening to cents per patient.28
- Trust and Governance: A 2025 survey of stakeholders in these regions found that while the technology works, the primary barrier is trust. 85% of respondents cited “ethical oversight” and “data privacy” as major concerns, highlighting the need for “Responsible AI” frameworks that are locally governed rather than imposed from the outside.27
Chapter 6: The Industrialization of Care
In developed markets, AI is being used to industrialize the efficiency of healthcare systems, often with mixed results for the patient experience.
6.1 The Double-Edged Sword of Efficiency
AI agents are now routinely handling administrative tasks like medical coding, prior authorization and appointment scheduling.7
- The Benefit: This automation frees up clinicians to focus on patients. A 2025 report indicates that AI-driven workflows can reduce administrative overhead by up to 30%, potentially lowering the cost of care.29
- The Risk: However, the use of AI in claims processing has led to controversy. A 2025 investigation revealed that some insurers were using AI algorithms to systematically deny care to Medicare Advantage patients, often with little human oversight.7 This “algorithmic austerity” prompted the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and other regulators to scrutinize the “Human-in-the-Loop” requirements for AI decision-making.
6.2 Robotics and Physical Care
Beyond diagnostics, 2025 has seen advances in physical assistance.
- Smart Crutches: Companies like ComeBack Mobility have introduced “Smart Crutch Tips,” which use embedded sensors and AI to monitor the weight-bearing load of patients recovering from leg injuries.30 This data is fed back to the patient and doctor in real-time, ensuring that rehabilitation protocols are followed precisely.
- Surgical Robotics: While still expensive, AI-assisted surgical robots are becoming more autonomous, capable of performing suturing and other repetitive tasks with greater precision than human hands, reducing recovery times.31
Part IV: The Educational Equalizer
In 2025, the debate over “AI in the classroom” has largely been settled by data. The question is no longer if AI should be used, but how to deploy it to close achievement gaps.
Chapter 7: The Efficacy of the AI Tutor
After years of pilot programs, 2025 provided the first robust, longitudinal data on the impact of AI tutors on student learning.
7.1 Khan Academy’s Breakthrough Findings
Khan Academy, a pioneer in AI tutoring with its Khanmigo platform, released a comprehensive efficacy study in November 2025.32
- The Metric: The study tracked over 100,000 students and found that for every additional skill practiced to proficiency using Khanmigo, students saw a 0.5 percentage point gain in learning outcomes relative to their baseline.33
- Scale: This effect was observed across diverse demographics, suggesting that the AI tutor acts as a universal scaffold. The platform’s reach 2 million students in the 2024-25 school year demonstrates that high-quality, personalized tutoring is scalable.34
- New Features: In 2025, Khan Academy expanded Khanmigo to include a “Writing Coach” that provides feedback on essay structure and argumentation without writing the essay for the student, preserving the cognitive struggle necessary for learning.35
7.2 Duolingo and the Content Explosion
Duolingo leveraged Generative AI to fundamentally change the economics of content creation.
- The “148 Courses” Leap: In a single year (2025), Duolingo launched 148 new language courses, a volume of content that previously took over a decade to produce.36 This was made possible by using GenAI to generate initial lesson content, which was then reviewed by human experts.
- Learning Outcomes: A peer-reviewed study published in 2025 confirmed that the new AI-powered features in Duolingo Max, such as “Roleplay” (conversation practice), significantly improved speaking proficiency in Japanese English learners after just one month.37
Chapter 8: The Student’s Toolkit and the Admissions Wars
For the student in 2025, AI is an omnipresent tool for research and creation, but also a gatekeeper they must navigate.
8.1 The “Second Brain”: NotebookLM
Google’s NotebookLM has become a staple for students. Its ability to ingest up to 50 sources (PDFs, websites, videos) and generate citations, summaries and even “Audio Overviews” (where two AI hosts discuss the material) has transformed how students study.38 This allows students to synthesize vast amounts of information quickly, shifting the focus of education from “retention” to “synthesis.”
8.2 The “AI Admissions” Arms Race
A darker trend in 2025 is the weaponization of AI in college admissions.
- The AI Gatekeeper: Institutions like Virginia Tech have deployed AI to read and score student essays to manage the flood of applications.39 Caltech introduced an AI chatbot to interview applicants about their research, ostensibly to verify “authenticity.”
- The Asymmetry: This creates a recursive loop: students use AI to polish their essays and colleges use AI to grade them. The risk, as highlighted by critics, is that the admissions process becomes a test of “AI literacy” how well a student can prompt a model to please another model rather than a test of the student’s actual potential or character.
Part V: The Economy of Agency
The economic story of 2025 is one of paradox. Unemployment in certain “white-collar” sectors is rising, yet productivity in “AI-native” companies is skyrocketing.
Chapter 9: Displacement, Creation and the “Code Red” Labor Market
The labor market is undergoing a structural transformation comparable to the industrial revolution, but at digital speed.
9.1 The Rise of White-Collar Unemployment
A stark report from J.P. Morgan in August 2025 noted a rise in unemployment among college graduates, particularly in fields previously thought safe, such as computer engineering and architecture.40
- Mechanism: AI agents like Devin (software) and Midjourney (design) are not replacing entire jobs, but they are replacing entry-level tasks. The “junior developer” or “junior designer” role traditionally the apprenticeship path is being hollowed out.
- Future Roles: Conversely, the India Skills Report 2026 highlights that 40% of hiring demand is for roles that did not exist in 2024, such as “AI Safety Analyst” and “Synthetic Data Specialist”.41
9.2 The “Bot-vs-Bot” Recruitment War
The hiring process has become a battleground of automation.
- Automated Screening: By 2025, 99% of hiring managers use AI tools to screen resumes.42 These tools promise efficiency but deliver bias. A University of Washington study found that leading LLMs used for screening penalized resumes with Black male-associated names, ranking them lower than identical resumes with white male names 100% of the time in some test runs.6
- Automated Applying: Job seekers have responded with tools like Jobright.ai and JusRecruit, which use AI to auto-apply to thousands of jobs.43 This “spamming” of the labor market breaks the signal-to-noise ratio, leading to a broken system where AI recruiters filter out AI applicants and human connection is lost.
Part VI: Governance, Ethics and the Legal Mandate
The sociopolitical response to AI in 2025 has moved from “principles” to “policy.”
Chapter 10: The European Accessibility Act (EAA)
On June 28, 2025, the European Accessibility Act (EAA) came into full enforcement, creating the first comprehensive legal mandate for digital inclusion.45
10.1 The Global Standard
While the EAA is an EU law, its impact is global. Any company wishing to sell digital products in the EU which includes Apple, Google, Microsoft and Netflix must comply.
- Requirements: The law mandates compliance with WCAG 2.1 Level AA standards. This means apps must support screen readers, text must be resizable up to 200% without breaking the layout and video content must have audio descriptions.46
- AI as the Solution: Paradoxically, developers are using AI agents to achieve this compliance. Automated coding agents scan repositories to identify and fix accessibility violations at a scale that human developers could not achieve in time to avoid the EAA’s penalties.47
Chapter 11: Risk Management and Algorithmic Justice
In the United States, governance is driven by frameworks and civil society pressure.
11.1 NIST AI RMF 2025
The NIST AI Risk Management Framework was updated in 2025 to include a specific “Generative AI Profile”.48
- Operationalizing Ethics: The framework moves beyond high-level principles to specific metrics. It guides organizations on how to measure “hallucination rates,” “toxicity,” and “data leakage.” It emphasizes that risk management is a continuous process, not a one-time checklist.5
11.2 The Surveillance Pushback
The Algorithmic Justice League (AJL) remains a critical watchdog. In July 2025, they released “Comply to Fly?”, a report exposing the coercive nature of the TSA’s facial recognition program.49
- Findings: The report found that travelers are often unaware they can opt out, effectively making biometric surveillance mandatory by default. The AJL’s advocacy highlights that “efficiency” (the TSA’s goal) often comes at the cost of “civil liberty,” and demands a halt to the program until robust, independent audits can ensure it does not discriminate against minority groups.50
Conclusion: Navigating the Symbiosis
The “state of AI” in 2025 is not a single reality but a spectrum of experiences.
- For the Rural Patient: AI is a lifeline, bringing specialist-grade diagnostics to a village clinic via a smartphone.
- For the Job Seeker: AI is a barrier, an opaque algorithm that must be navigated to find employment.
- For the Student: AI is a scaffold, a personalized tutor that can unlock potential if used with integrity.
- For the Citizen: AI is a surveillance tool that demands vigilance and legal protection.
The “Universal Interface” has been built. The task for the remainder of the decade is to ensure that this interface remains open, fair and ultimately subservient to human flourishing. The technology is no longer the variable; it is the constant. The variable is how we choose to govern, distribute and integrate it into the human story.
Appendix: Key Data Tables (2025)
Table 1: Major AI Model Releases & Capabilities (2025)
| Model Name | Developer | Release Date | Key Capability | Primary Use Case |
| Gemini 3 Pro | Nov 2025 | “Deep Think” reasoning; Agentic planning. | Complex task orchestration; Life OS. | |
| ChatGPT Pulse | OpenAI | Oct 2025 | Contextual intimacy; Persistent memory. | Personal Assistant; Daily management. |
| Nano Banana Pro | Nov 2025 | On-device image generation & editing. | Mobile creativity; Offline design. | |
| Qwen (Quark) | Alibaba | Nov 2025 | Visual search; Real-time object recognition. | Smart glasses; Heads-up retail info. |
Table 2: Mobile Silicon Performance Comparison (2025)
| Chipset | Manufacturer | NPU Architecture | AI Benchmark Score | Efficiency Feature |
| Dimensity 9400+ | MediaTek | NPU 890 (Agentic Optimized) | 12,975 | Speculative Decoding (+20% speed) |
| Snapdragon 8 Elite | Qualcomm | Hexagon NPU (Gen 4) | 12,376 | +45% Perf/Watt; Multimodal Native |
| A19 Pro | Apple | 16-core NE + GPU Accelerators | Closed Ecosystem | Unified Memory; Visual Intelligence |
Table 3: Healthcare AI Impact Stats (2025)
| Metric | Value | Context | Source |
| FDA Approvals | 223+ | AI-enabled devices approved (trend from 2023). | 51 |
| AFib Detection | 97.4% | Specificity of continuous PPG-based algorithms. | 24 |
| Admin Savings | 30% | Potential reduction in healthcare admin costs via AI. | 29 |
| Learning Gain | +0.5 pp | Per skill practiced on Khanmigo (Student efficacy). | 33 |
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- AI’s Impact on Job Growth | J.P. Morgan Global Research, https://www.jpmorgan.com/insights/global-research/artificial-intelligence/ai-impact-job-growth
- AI is rewriting the hiring script: Here’s why freshers must evolve to survive, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/careers/news/ai-is-rewriting-the-hiring-script-heres-why-freshers-must-evolve-to-survive/articleshow/125712737.cms
- 2025 AI in Hiring Survey Report – Insight Global, https://insightglobal.com/2025-ai-in-hiring-report/
- Jobright: Your AI Job Search Copilot, https://jobright.ai/
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- European Accessibility Act Goes Live | Davis Wright Tremaine, https://www.dwt.com/insights/2025/07/european-accessibility-act-digital-products
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- European Accessibility Act 2025 | Key Steps for Compliance – Level Access, https://www.levelaccess.com/compliance-overview/european-accessibility-act-eaa/
- AI Risk Management Framework | NIST – National Institute of Standards and Technology, https://www.nist.gov/itl/ai-risk-management-framework
- ComplytoFlyReport – Accelerator Fellowship Programme, https://afp.oxford-aiethics.ox.ac.uk/sitefiles/complytoflyreport-ajl.pdf
- The Comply To Fly? report by the Algorithmic Justice League, https://www.ajl.org/flyreport
- The 2025 AI Index Report | Stanford HAI, https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2025-ai-index-report